خطوات لتحسين أداء إصدارات ويندوز القديمة

البرامج التي تشتغل تلقائيا مع إقلاع النظام تؤدي إلى بطء عمله (الجزيرة) يواجه العديد من مستخدمين نظام ويندوز صعوبة في حل مشكلة تراجع أداء هذا النظام، وربما ردوا أسباب ذلك إلى أن النظام الحالي على حواسيبهم أصبح قديما، وعليهم بالتالي البحث عن إصدار أحدث من ويندوز، رغم أن المشكلة يمكن حلها بعدد من الخطوات التي قد تبدو بسيطة للبعض لكنها مهمة لتحسين أداء النظام. وتعد سرعة إقلاع نظام التشغيل أبرز ما يلاحظه المستخدم، عادة تتسبب بها برامج بدء التشغيل التلقائي، وهي تطبيقات يبدأ تشغيلها تلقائيا مع إقلاع ويندوز، ومعظم هذه البرامج تكون غير ضرورية وتستهلك كثيرا من مصادر النظام ووقتا ثمينا من وقت إقلاع الحاسوب المكتبي. ولكن أهمية برامج بدء التشغيل التلقائي تظهر في حالة برامج مكافحة الفيروسات أو البرامج التي تبحث عن تحديثات للتطبيقات، وحسب الخبير الألماني، أكسل فالديك، من مجلة "سي تي" الألمانية المعنية بشؤون الحاسوب، فإن الإصابة بالفيروسات أو الشيفرات الضارة بسبب عدم وجود تحديثات للبرامج سيكلف المستخدم وقتا أطول بكثير. وعلى العكس يمكن التخلص من برامج بدء التشغيل التلقائي غير المهمة بسهولة عن طريق إدخال الأمر "msconfig" في نطاق بحث قائمة ابدأ، ثم اختيار علامة التبويب "Startup" وبعد ذلك يتولى المستخدم إزالة التحديد من المربع الصغير الموجود بجانب البرامج أو الخدمات غير المرغوبة، وعند إعادة تشغيل الحاسوب لن تعمل هذه البرامج تلقائيا. لكن الخبير الألماني يشير مع ذلك إلى ضرورة أن يستعلم المستخدم جيدا عن وظيفة كل تطبيق من برامج بدء التشغيل التلقائي قبل إيقافه، كما ينبغي التحقق من نوعية البرامج والتطبيقات التي يبدأ تشغيلها تلقائيا بصورة منتظمة. "رغم فائدة وظيفة إزالة التجزئة إلا أنها لا توفر زيادة ملحوظة في سرعة النظام " إزالة التجزئة ومن الأمور الأخرى المهمة التي يجب على المستخدم القيام بها لتحسين أداء نظام التشغيل إزالة التجزئة التي يقصد بها تنظيف القرص الصلب من التوزيع العشوائي للملفات أو تجزئتها وإعادة ترتيبها بحيث تسهل على نظام التشغيل قراءتها وتشغيلها بصورة أسرع. ويتيح ويندوز أداة إزالة التجزئة "disk defragmenter" في مجلد "أدوات النظام" وهي إلى جانب عملها في إلغاء تجزئة الملفات تفيد في التحقق من وجود أخطاء في القرص الصلب، لكن الخبير الألماني مارك شتوكسماير ينبه للمبالغة في مزايا وظيفة إلغاء التجزئة وأنها -رغم فائدتها- لا توفر زيادة ملحوظة في سرعة النظام. حذف البرامج كما يشير خبير الحاسوب الألماني، مارك شتوكسماير، إلى أن سرعة نظام التشغيل تتراجع بمرور الوقت إذا استعمل لفترة طويلة، وذلك لأنه يتم تثبيت الكثير من البرامج ولا يتم في المقابل إزالة التطبيقات بصورة كاملة. لذلك على المستخدم حذف البرامج غير الضرورية أو التي لم تعد هناك حاجة إليها عن طريق بند "البرامج والمزايا" في "لوحة التحكم" وذلك لحذف أية مدخلات محتملة لتلك البرامج في قائمة بدء التشغيل التلقائي. ويحذر الخبراء من حذف أي ملفات لا يعرف المستخدم وظيفتها أو أهميتها لأنها قد تؤدي في بعض الحالات إلى أضرار جسيمة بنظام ويندوز، مشيرين إلى أن عملية حذف الملفات يجب ألا تتم إلا في حالة نقص المساحة المخصصة لنظام التشغيل. وإضافة إلى كل ما سبق فإن عملية إعادة تهيئة الحاسوب (فورمات) وتركيب نظام ويندوز عليه مجددا تجعله ينطلق بعمله كما اشتراه المستخدم أول مرة، ولكن هذه الخطوة يتم اللجوء إليها فقط في حال واجهت المستخدم مشاكل عديدة مع النظام، وكذلك إن توفرت لديه نسخ احتياطية من ملفاته أو برامجه لأن إعادة التهيئة تمسح كل ما على القرص الصلب كليا.

Endeavour Executive Fellowship for International and Australian Applicants in Australia, 2014

Australian Government is funding Endeavour Executive fellowship for Australian and international applicants. This international fellowship provides professional development opportunities of (1-4 months) for high achievers which includes management training, peer-to-peer learning, mentoring, short courses and developing leadership skills. Fellowship includes travel, establishment allowance, monthly stipend, health and travel insurance. Fellowship is assessed on the basis of good academic achievement, skills, leadership capabilities, community service and links between the host and home organizations. Applicants can apply online till 30th June 2013.

Study Subject(s): The fellowship focus on building skills and knowledge of applicants.
Course Level:The Endeavour Executive Fellowship provides professional development opportunities of (1-4 months) for high achievers. Professional development activities could include management training, peer-to-peer learning, mentoring, short courses and developing leadership skills.
Scholarship Provider: AusAID-Australian Government
Scholarship can be taken at: Australia

Eligibility: 1.International applicants must be citizens and/or permanent residents of a participating country and must not hold dual citizenship with Australia.
2. Australian applicants must be citizens and/or permanent residents of Australia.
3. Award Holders must commence their Award after 1 January, 2014 and no later than 30 November 2014. Applicants who have already commenced or will commence their program at their host organization prior to 2014 are ineligible.
4. International and Australian applicants who currently hold or who have completed an Australia Award after 1 January 2012 are not eligible to apply. Applicants are not eligible to apply in a category in which they have already completed an Endeavour Scholarship or Fellowship
5. International and Australian applicants must have completed either an Australian Year 12 secondary qualification or equivalent or a trade or vocational qualification of at least Certificate III level or above1 or an undergraduate degree (minimum) at the time of application. If your activity will result in you receiving or contributes to a formal academic qualification, you will not be eligible to apply for an Endeavour Executive Fellowship.
6. International and Australian applicants must be nominated by their host organization and include a completed nomination form for commencement in 2014 with their application.

Scholarship Open for Students of Following Countries: Australian students and students of following countries can apply for this research fellowship: Americas: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela. The Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus (Republic of), Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Reunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland). Middle East: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Pacific: Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated states of), Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand (including Cook Islands), Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna. Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, People’s Republic of China (including Hong Kong and Macau SAR’s), India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam.

Scholarship Description: The Endeavour Executive International Fellowship provides professional development opportunities of (1-4 months) for high achievers in business, industry, education or government from participating countries and for Australian’s to do the same. The Awards focus on building skills and knowledge through a host work environment rather than through formal enrollment in a study program at a host organization and are not intended to fund direct academic research (if your activity will result in you receiving, or contributes to, a formal academic qualification, you will not be eligible to apply for an Endeavour Executive Fellowship).

Number of award(s): Not Known

Duration of award(s): The duration of fellowship is 1-4 months.

What does it cover?
Travel Allowance-$4,500
Establishment Allowance-$4,000
Monthly Stipend-$2,500 per month, Up to 4 months on a pro-rata basis
Health Insurance (International)-Health Cover will be provided for full period of Award
Travel Insurance (International)-Coverage provided for travel to and from Australia, not during.
Health & Travel Insurance (Australian)-Coverage provided for full period of Award.
Total Value- Up to $18,500.

Selection Criteria: -A record of good academic achievement and a minimum of five years full-time or equivalent relevant work experience are highly desirable.
-Preference may be given to applicants with work experience that is directly related to their proposed activity, (25%);
- A proposal that demonstrates how you will enhance your existing skills and stay informed of new developments relevant to your skills and interests of your home and host country, (20%);
- The applicant’s potential to participate fully in their profession or the wider community on their return home demonstrating how the activity will build and extend on the applicant’s leadership capabilities, (20%);
-The potential for ongoing links between the host and home organizations, (20%), and
- Evidence of service to the community.
- Unpaid service within the applicants’ field of expertise, or unpaid community service in outside capacities, (15%).

Notification: The Department will email all successful and unsuccessful applicants regarding the outcome of their applications by the end of December 2013. Successful applicants will be required to accept their Award Offers online within 14 days of the offer. Applicants will also be required to sign and return a ‘Declaration of Acceptance’, which is attached to their notification letter, prior to their Award being confirmed. Due to the high volume of applications received, the Department does not provide individual feedback on why an application was unsuccessful. There may be a number of reasons why an application received does not pass through to the next stage.

How to Apply: Applications must be submitted using the Endeavour Online Application system. Please refer to this page for further information. Upon submission of an application, an email acknowledging receipt of the application will automatically be generated and forwarded to the email address (user ID) used to submit the application.

Scholarship Application Deadline: The deadline for applications is 30th June 2013.

Read more: International Fellowship for International and Australian Applicants : 2013 2014 Scholarship Positions 
http://scholarship-positions.com

غيتس يستعيد لقب أغنى رجل بالعالم

قالت خدمة بلومبرغ الإخبارية أمس الخميس إن بيل غيتس المؤسس المشارك لشركة مايكروسوفت استعاد لقب "أغنى رجل في العالم" بثروة قدرت قيمتها بـ72.7 مليار دولار، وفقا لمؤشر بلومبرغ لمليارديرات العالم.

وحسب بلومبرغ، فإن غيتس (57 عاما) انتزع هذا اللقب من ملياردير الاتصالات المكسيكي كارلوس سليم، بعد أن قفزت ثروة الأول هذا العام بنحو عشرة مليارات دولار، بسبب المكاسب التي حققتها بورصة وول ستريت في الأسابيع الأخيرة.

KAAD Scholarships for Masters and PhD Students, 2013

Applications are open for well known KAAD Scholarships for students of developing countries. Each year, these scholarships are awarded to students for pursuing master’s degree, PhD or for a post-doctoral research project (2-6 months for established university lecturers) at a German university. There is no specific subject-preference. Applicants have to request through filling a questionnaire and sending it to the KAAD offices for applying these scholarships. Applications for the September selection need to be complete by end of June.

Study Subject(s): There is no specific subject-preference. However, the selection board has often given preference to courses and subjects that they felt to be of significance for the home country of the applicant. This holds true especially for subjects of PhD-theses. There is therefore a certain leaning towards “development oriented” studies – this does however not mean that other fields (cultural, philosophic, linguistic, etc.) cannot be of significance for a country and are ruled out.
Course Level: These scholarships are for pursuing master’s degree or a PhD at a German university or do a post-doctoral research project (2-6 months for established university lecturers) at a German university.
Scholarship Provider: KAAD
Scholarship can be taken at: Germany

Eligibility: For the scholarship programme 1 of KAAD you can apply if you:
-come from a developing or emerging country in Africa, Asia, the Middle East or Latin America
-have a university degree and professional experience from your home country
-want to acquire a master’s degree or a PhD at a German university or do a post-doctoral research project (2-6 months for established university lecturers) at a German university
-are a Catholic Christian (or general belong to a Christian denomination). Candidates from other religions can apply if they are proposed by Catholic partners and can prove their commitment to interreligious dialogue
-possess German language skills before starting the studies (KAAD can provide a language course of max. 6 months in Germany).

Scholarship Open for Students of Following Countries: The students from a developing or emerging countries of Ghana, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Cameroon and Nigeria (Africa), Bangladesh, Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and China (Asia), Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine/Israel and Syria (the Middle East) or Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil (Latin America) can apply for these scholarships.

Scholarship Description: The KAAD Scholarship Program 1 is addressed to post-graduates and to academics who already gained professional experience and who are interested in postgraduate studies (or research stays) in Germany. This program is administered by regional partner committees, staffed by university professors and church representatives. Normally documents are submitted to the committee of the applicant’s home country.

How to Apply: The first request is placed through filling the application questionnaire and sending it to the KAAD offices. Normally documents are submitted to the committee of the applicant’s home country. In the course of the application process, more documents need to be provided by the applicant and the KAAD-Partner-Committees are involved. If the pre-selection process has been positive for the applicant, the application is passed on to an independent selection board, which sits twice per year (in March and in September).

Scholarship Application Deadline: Applications for the September selection need to be complete by end of June. Many times, applicants get admission letters (especially for Master-courses)only when these deadlines have passed. In these cases, the university has to be asked to defer the admission to the next academic year. Applications can be made already before admission letters are received. However at the end of the application process, the applicant needs to show either an admission letter or a confirmation by the university that they are eligible for the course and that the application has been received and being processed.

Further Official Scholarship Information and Application

Scholarship Tags: 2013, countries, developing, Featured, germany, KAAD, scholarships

Read more: KAAD Scholarships for Developing Countries in Germany, 2013 : 2013 2014 Scholarship Positions 
http://scholarship-positions.com

سلسلة نصائح وليد للراغبين بالدراسة في الخارج (3)

سلسلة نصائح وليد للراغبين بالدراسة في الخارج (2) 

سلسلة نصائح وليد للراغبين بالدراسة في الخارج (1)